Self-efficacy, in the context of observational learning, refers to what?

Self-efficacy, particularly in the realm of observational learning, pertains specifically to an individual's perception of their capabilities to carry out actions and achieve goals in various situations. This concept is grounded in the work of psychologist Albert Bandura, who emphasized that self-efficacy influences how people think, feel, and act. When individuals observe others successfully completing tasks, they often evaluate their own potential to replicate those behaviors. Thus, self-efficacy is not just about having confidence, but about the belief in one's ability to use skills effectively across different contexts.

In this context, the other options do not properly capture the essence of self-efficacy. Confidence in a peer's abilities pertains more to social validation rather than one's own skills, belief in the power of encouragement focuses on external motivational factors rather than internal capabilities, and general self-esteem levels reflect a broader assessment of self-worth, rather than specific belief in the capacity to perform particular tasks. Therefore, the choice reflecting perceptions of one's ability to perform in different situations aligns most accurately with the definition of self-efficacy in observational learning.